pre-miRNA Information
pre-miRNA hsa-mir-4491   
Genomic Coordinates chr11: 111347757 - 111347824
Description Homo sapiens miR-4491 stem-loop
Comment None
RNA Secondary Structure

Mature miRNA Information
Mature miRNA hsa-miR-4491
Sequence 46| AAUGUGGACUGGUGUGACCAAA |67
Evidence Experimental
Experiments Illumina
SNPs in miRNA
Mutant ID Mutant Position Mutant Source
rs1043555759 4 dbSNP
rs1182248607 6 dbSNP
rs527936256 7 dbSNP
rs755554417 14 dbSNP
rs779628583 16 dbSNP
rs1471408223 19 dbSNP
rs909066815 20 dbSNP
Putative Targets

Gene Information
Gene Symbol DNAJB9   
Synonyms ERdj4, MDG-1, MDG1, MST049, MSTP049
Description DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B9
Transcript NM_012328   
Expression
Putative miRNA Targets on DNAJB9
3'UTR of DNAJB9
(miRNA target sites are highlighted)
>DNAJB9|NM_012328|3'UTR
   1 TTCTTATTCTATTCTCACTAAATCCAACTGGTTGACTCTTCCTCATTATCTTTGATGCTAAACAATTTTCTGTGAACTAT
  81 TTTGACAAGTGCATGATTTCACTTTAAACAATTTGATATAGCTATTAAATATATTTAAGGGTTTTTTTTTTTTGACAAAT
 161 TCAACATTCAACGAGTAGACAAAATGCTAATTATTTCCCTGATTAGGAAAGTTTCTTTAAAAAACACGTAATTTTGCCTA
 241 GTGCTTTTTCTCTACCTGCCCTTGGGCTCACTAATATCACCAGTATTATTACCAAGAAAATATTGAGTTTACCTGATTAA
 321 ACTTTAAAAGTTAATTGTAGATTTAAATTGTGTGAACCTAATGATTTTTGCAGTGAAACCTTTACTAATTCAAAGTTGCA
 401 TGTTCTATGACATCTGTGACTTGCGTTGCAGAGTGTACATGAAACTGTATAATTGAGTCATTCAGTAAAGGAGAACAGTA
 481 TCTTGGTTAATTGCTACTGAAAGGTTGAGAAAGGAATGGTTTGATATTTACCACAGCGCTGTGCCTTTCTACAGTAGAAC
 561 TGGGGTAAAGGAAATGGTTTTATTGCCCATAGTCATTTAGGCTGGAAAAAAGTTGAAAACTTAACGAAATATTGCCAAGA
 641 GATTGTTATGTGTTTGGTTCCAGCCTAAAAATGATTTTGTAGTGTTGAAATCATAGCTACTTACATAGCTTTTTCATATT
 721 TCTTTCTTAGTTGTTGGCACTCTTAGGTCTTAGTATGGATTTATGTGTTTGTGTGTGTGTAGTTTATCCTCTCTCTCATC
 801 TTTATCTAGAGATTGACTGATACCTCATTCTGTTTGTAAAACCAGCCAGTAATTTCTGTGCAACCTTACTATGTGCAATA
 881 TTTTTAAATCCTGAGAAATGTGTGCTTTTGTTTTCGGATAGACTTATTTCTTTAGTTCTGCACTTTTCCACATTATACTC
 961 CATATGAGTATTAATCCTATGGATACATATTAAAACAAGTGTCTCATACAACATTGTATGTGAGAGAAATATAAATATTT
1041 ACAACCTGATATTCGTTGTTGTTTTATTGTTAAAAGTTTATTATGCAACTCTGGAGGTATAGAGGGCATATAAGCTATGG
1121 GACATATGCTGATCACAGGCTATATTCATGAAGTTACTTTTGACCAACCTGAAAACTGATAGGATTTTGTTTGTCATTTG
1201 GTAATTTCTACTGCATTCTTACCATCCTTCTCTCACAAATTTTGATAGCTTGAAGATCTTTTTAATTATAATTTTGTTGT
1281 ATTTGTTTCCTAGGAGCAAGTGTTCCTGCTGCCAGTTCTTTCCTCTTTAGGCGTGGTTGAGAAAAAGCAGAAACTTTACA
1361 TAAAGCTGTATTTCTTAATCATCTTTAATTTGAAACTTAAGAAAATGAATTTATTCTGTTATATTTATGTAACTTATTTC
1441 CTGGAAGTTATATCTACTAGTTTTGTTTGATAATAATAAAATTAGCTATACCTTGAA
Target sites Provided by authors   Predicted by miRanda    DRVs    SNPs    DRVs & SNPs
miRNA-target interactions
(Predicted by miRanda)
ID Duplex structure Position Score MFE
1
miRNA  3' aaaCCAG-UGUGGUCAGGUGUAa 5'
             | || :|||:  ||||||| 
Target 5' ttaGTTCTGCACTTTTCCACATt 3'
932 - 954 155.00 -15.20
2
miRNA  3' aaACCAGUGUGGUCAGGUGUAa 5'
            ||||:: ||:  ||| ||| 
Target 5' acTGGTTG-ACTCTTCCTCATt 3'
27 - 47 127.00 -10.20
3
miRNA  3' aaaccAGUGUGGUC----AGGUGUAa 5'
               |:||| :||    |:||:|| 
Target 5' gctacTTACA-TAGCTTTTTCATATt 3'
696 - 720 118.00 -9.00
DRVs in gene 3'UTRs
Mutant ID Mutant Position Mutant Source
COSN30694458 54 COSMIC
COSN19644387 87 COSMIC
COSN28080334 143 COSMIC
COSN1340339 154 COSMIC
COSN30172585 174 COSMIC
COSN25001297 208 COSMIC
COSN28880340 225 COSMIC
COSN1340341 260 COSMIC
COSN26093681 278 COSMIC
COSN31568450 297 COSMIC
COSN31526410 388 COSMIC
COSN29163215 406 COSMIC
COSN29859024 537 COSMIC
COSN31520161 690 COSMIC
COSN9918899 696 COSMIC
COSN6343020 741 COSMIC
COSN31553404 759 COSMIC
COSN31551432 832 COSMIC
COSN17875949 933 COSMIC
COSN15957897 1005 COSMIC
COSN7919908 1106 COSMIC
COSN25463944 1145 COSMIC
SNPs in gene 3'UTRs
Mutant ID Mutant Position Mutant Source
rs770071519 8 dbSNP
rs539029657 10 dbSNP
rs763361103 12 dbSNP
rs752039544 13 dbSNP
rs187252724 15 dbSNP
rs760165628 18 dbSNP
rs765822549 19 dbSNP
rs753446787 20 dbSNP
rs754671964 21 dbSNP
rs778748143 25 dbSNP
rs752517500 27 dbSNP
rs1261691651 28 dbSNP
rs371758437 29 dbSNP
rs945316053 32 dbSNP
rs1489346271 33 dbSNP
rs375296782 37 dbSNP
rs1403805932 38 dbSNP
rs961770465 40 dbSNP
rs1280745078 42 dbSNP
rs1254002403 45 dbSNP
rs368994075 45 dbSNP
rs770982059 46 dbSNP
rs781130127 49 dbSNP
rs1349056499 50 dbSNP
rs1294839027 51 dbSNP
rs934325936 53 dbSNP
rs1341765526 60 dbSNP
rs1469157139 61 dbSNP
rs1298315130 77 dbSNP
rs1156265127 80 dbSNP
rs1304933870 81 dbSNP
rs1466939369 92 dbSNP
rs1372997382 94 dbSNP
rs1168883960 103 dbSNP
rs192021096 110 dbSNP
rs1424360343 123 dbSNP
rs1054098392 125 dbSNP
rs1173569279 128 dbSNP
rs3763457 130 dbSNP
rs748551409 134 dbSNP
rs1412129891 139 dbSNP
rs996964896 139 dbSNP
rs763978989 140 dbSNP
rs1049615597 141 dbSNP
rs11408141 142 dbSNP
rs1232197871 142 dbSNP
rs1396015761 142 dbSNP
rs771340615 142 dbSNP
rs890863270 143 dbSNP
rs1396265365 146 dbSNP
rs1009053743 150 dbSNP
rs1335437829 154 dbSNP
rs1440327394 155 dbSNP
rs1276638611 156 dbSNP
rs1008168399 165 dbSNP
rs1345819313 166 dbSNP
rs1234930381 173 dbSNP
rs1279597781 178 dbSNP
rs1019066720 190 dbSNP
rs1164298542 191 dbSNP
rs962479862 198 dbSNP
rs1474300138 207 dbSNP
rs1370282439 211 dbSNP
rs1188424361 221 dbSNP
rs993770405 224 dbSNP
rs1028291555 226 dbSNP
rs751476171 227 dbSNP
rs757027606 228 dbSNP
rs980756568 229 dbSNP
rs926731037 230 dbSNP
rs1459010612 238 dbSNP
rs1258710202 242 dbSNP
rs1436816977 250 dbSNP
rs868648101 255 dbSNP
rs1179240963 257 dbSNP
rs1353578590 259 dbSNP
rs960781352 260 dbSNP
rs995470876 261 dbSNP
rs1334850837 271 dbSNP
rs1193543926 274 dbSNP
rs1026909685 289 dbSNP
rs1431981149 294 dbSNP
rs73428112 304 dbSNP
rs377765156 306 dbSNP
rs1325750961 314 dbSNP
rs1392922910 317 dbSNP
rs1408364477 317 dbSNP
rs3763456 323 dbSNP
rs945176171 327 dbSNP
rs1453295538 328 dbSNP
rs3763455 335 dbSNP
rs147964164 356 dbSNP
rs1302554627 362 dbSNP
rs978256942 373 dbSNP
rs773461640 380 dbSNP
rs1368653320 388 dbSNP
rs932363014 389 dbSNP
rs577345709 399 dbSNP
rs890914260 401 dbSNP
rs1209952260 403 dbSNP
rs1007933017 408 dbSNP
rs1241889425 412 dbSNP
rs546198697 420 dbSNP
rs1338513118 425 dbSNP
rs546419128 426 dbSNP
rs1434882573 433 dbSNP
rs1333383091 436 dbSNP
rs1324250528 439 dbSNP
rs1193715570 441 dbSNP
rs1054127719 446 dbSNP
rs1358850207 446 dbSNP
rs1291649357 450 dbSNP
rs183438831 452 dbSNP
rs914230809 459 dbSNP
rs1476980861 460 dbSNP
rs932457785 465 dbSNP
rs1212566956 469 dbSNP
rs1198932984 470 dbSNP
rs1445859992 471 dbSNP
rs1260414009 481 dbSNP
rs188843857 487 dbSNP
rs1218287015 493 dbSNP
rs542069377 494 dbSNP
rs1036703400 504 dbSNP
rs562265068 505 dbSNP
rs531133352 508 dbSNP
rs1194529330 509 dbSNP
rs954326608 515 dbSNP
rs890989263 522 dbSNP
rs994047435 527 dbSNP
rs1027937532 528 dbSNP
rs888020129 533 dbSNP
rs1036786604 538 dbSNP
rs897087497 539 dbSNP
rs1375108939 541 dbSNP
rs1002247238 542 dbSNP
rs1033685052 551 dbSNP
rs1412598149 552 dbSNP
rs1395549244 554 dbSNP
rs550830726 557 dbSNP
rs1173022178 559 dbSNP
rs1026983375 561 dbSNP
rs1461154159 564 dbSNP
rs1323918384 569 dbSNP
rs566651601 572 dbSNP
rs895121661 573 dbSNP
rs992258453 584 dbSNP
rs1390942725 590 dbSNP
rs1437107554 595 dbSNP
rs1444434522 603 dbSNP
rs1021435242 607 dbSNP
rs1195693004 609 dbSNP
rs1316623144 626 dbSNP
rs1296296589 627 dbSNP
rs1280135495 628 dbSNP
rs1012362688 632 dbSNP
rs1355040172 638 dbSNP
rs1282580865 639 dbSNP
rs570785153 640 dbSNP
rs1450469367 647 dbSNP
rs4727712 649 dbSNP
rs1225028602 650 dbSNP
rs1285559795 656 dbSNP
rs1334592688 664 dbSNP
rs1335031411 666 dbSNP
rs1025495174 683 dbSNP
rs779654673 694 dbSNP
rs748832814 700 dbSNP
rs559356585 706 dbSNP
rs1412466511 710 dbSNP
rs1179687514 716 dbSNP
rs768170424 717 dbSNP
rs1473594610 719 dbSNP
rs538965165 723 dbSNP
rs778162838 737 dbSNP
rs760865152 741 dbSNP
rs978666068 744 dbSNP
rs1178451536 747 dbSNP
rs1456819158 748 dbSNP
rs1260606572 754 dbSNP
rs1199832642 756 dbSNP
rs1031138301 762 dbSNP
rs958308561 765 dbSNP
rs747491232 767 dbSNP
rs1230189341 770 dbSNP
rs932566447 771 dbSNP
rs1284540781 775 dbSNP
rs1445861892 778 dbSNP
rs1374555859 779 dbSNP
rs985302952 784 dbSNP
rs912235150 789 dbSNP
rs914263682 789 dbSNP
rs943676756 794 dbSNP
rs879022721 800 dbSNP
rs1036799177 809 dbSNP
rs1445609783 814 dbSNP
rs879341784 814 dbSNP
rs1158402367 819 dbSNP
rs985113806 819 dbSNP
rs1438152451 820 dbSNP
rs912303300 823 dbSNP
rs1179768550 824 dbSNP
rs1488452983 827 dbSNP
rs1245030455 828 dbSNP
rs1322551752 830 dbSNP
rs1190006829 833 dbSNP
rs1419064494 838 dbSNP
rs1267359009 842 dbSNP
rs1474970388 843 dbSNP
rs896886017 843 dbSNP
rs1036859926 849 dbSNP
rs896991102 853 dbSNP
rs1366888053 859 dbSNP
rs1291280788 860 dbSNP
rs929526223 863 dbSNP
rs1163058188 864 dbSNP
rs931255458 873 dbSNP
rs1382503156 874 dbSNP
rs1159677479 881 dbSNP
rs1433079515 885 dbSNP
rs193080310 887 dbSNP
rs1423767353 902 dbSNP
rs1049694242 903 dbSNP
rs1454426769 910 dbSNP
rs1488815630 911 dbSNP
rs546176562 916 dbSNP
rs566451900 917 dbSNP
rs1380489147 919 dbSNP
rs1287868615 925 dbSNP
rs1335883755 927 dbSNP
rs879197346 928 dbSNP
rs1024934093 944 dbSNP
rs1033902627 946 dbSNP
rs1220873116 950 dbSNP
rs896507951 953 dbSNP
rs141839050 957 dbSNP
rs1397724320 961 dbSNP
rs1362108756 962 dbSNP
rs1021066578 963 dbSNP
rs1031211821 965 dbSNP
rs958173825 980 dbSNP
rs1239190141 987 dbSNP
rs989759587 993 dbSNP
rs1434287507 994 dbSNP
rs1422953650 997 dbSNP
rs1418030987 1004 dbSNP
rs1259667829 1008 dbSNP
rs1478909264 1011 dbSNP
rs1349107108 1021 dbSNP
rs753053113 1033 dbSNP
rs555294355 1036 dbSNP
rs1254056880 1046 dbSNP
rs1258576676 1047 dbSNP
rs1212089295 1050 dbSNP
rs1223060193 1055 dbSNP
rs147039924 1055 dbSNP
rs538024556 1056 dbSNP
rs1216327357 1066 dbSNP
rs985539760 1068 dbSNP
rs953844769 1069 dbSNP
rs777202119 1077 dbSNP
rs1485589098 1080 dbSNP
rs1377381430 1092 dbSNP
rs943824186 1098 dbSNP
rs985355283 1107 dbSNP
rs558113219 1109 dbSNP
rs1400270025 1110 dbSNP
rs912454372 1111 dbSNP
rs943728970 1118 dbSNP
rs1168623045 1125 dbSNP
rs756720560 1127 dbSNP
rs1186061100 1130 dbSNP
rs1467194651 1132 dbSNP
rs138263970 1134 dbSNP
rs1187052377 1135 dbSNP
rs2286259 1136 dbSNP
rs1048193710 1141 dbSNP
rs1183418956 1149 dbSNP
rs1461709567 1158 dbSNP
rs895056079 1159 dbSNP
rs1196688904 1162 dbSNP
rs947960741 1170 dbSNP
rs1251417595 1172 dbSNP
rs931061423 1185 dbSNP
rs1319607990 1186 dbSNP
rs1175438856 1189 dbSNP
rs1048112028 1190 dbSNP
rs1453921787 1197 dbSNP
rs1376640954 1207 dbSNP
rs887958331 1213 dbSNP
rs553294284 1224 dbSNP
rs1375831917 1225 dbSNP
rs906530414 1231 dbSNP
rs938138708 1242 dbSNP
rs999634007 1244 dbSNP
rs1052505746 1248 dbSNP
rs1055409709 1249 dbSNP
rs1166632075 1256 dbSNP
rs575130641 1264 dbSNP
rs1375019336 1266 dbSNP
rs1013625858 1269 dbSNP
rs1011097455 1270 dbSNP
rs1176660478 1275 dbSNP
rs1042779390 1281 dbSNP
rs1250592651 1282 dbSNP
rs754279101 1286 dbSNP
rs1391641431 1289 dbSNP
rs35515962 1294 dbSNP
rs113202530 1303 dbSNP
rs1266904276 1314 dbSNP
rs1001363431 1317 dbSNP
rs1333483350 1323 dbSNP
rs1236065506 1327 dbSNP
rs1353383632 1329 dbSNP
rs542283661 1333 dbSNP
rs562161357 1334 dbSNP
rs1336910012 1337 dbSNP
rs953897218 1341 dbSNP
rs1006658736 1351 dbSNP
rs1385219696 1356 dbSNP
rs185819843 1369 dbSNP
rs972345109 1380 dbSNP
rs1419362912 1381 dbSNP
rs965265264 1382 dbSNP
rs1156668322 1397 dbSNP
rs1441437154 1400 dbSNP
rs1176851722 1406 dbSNP
rs1248421862 1408 dbSNP
rs865909211 1412 dbSNP
rs757399391 1418 dbSNP
rs1197538904 1428 dbSNP
rs918356755 1431 dbSNP
rs80193567 1434 dbSNP
rs1195410222 1442 dbSNP
rs952384511 1444 dbSNP
rs143312141 1445 dbSNP
rs1434064656 1449 dbSNP
rs1219331940 1452 dbSNP
rs927011748 1453 dbSNP
rs916406981 1461 dbSNP
rs1046291804 1470 dbSNP
rs948002849 1470 dbSNP
rs533402952 1473 dbSNP
rs1356079691 1486 dbSNP
rs762977057 1487 dbSNP
rs1297319356 1488 dbSNP
rs935331177 1489 dbSNP
rs1052411161 1492 dbSNP
rs1393679275 1494 dbSNP
Experimental Support 1 for Functional miRNA-Target Interaction
miRNA:Target ----
Validation Method
Conditions HEK293
Location of target site 3'UTR
Tools used in this research TargetScan , miRTarCLIP , Piranha
Original Description (Extracted from the article) ... PAR-CLIP data was present in GSM545212. RNA binding protein: AGO1. Condition:Control PAR-CLIP data was present in GSM545214. RNA binding protein: AGO3. Condition:Control PAR-CLIP data was present in GSM545217. RNA binding protein: AGO2. Condition:miR-7 transfection ...

- Hafner M; Landthaler M; Burger L; Khorshid et al., 2010, Cell.

Article - Hafner M; Landthaler M; Burger L; Khorshid et al.
- Cell, 2010
RNA transcripts are subject to posttranscriptional gene regulation involving hundreds of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complexes (miRNPs) expressed in a cell-type dependent fashion. We developed a cell-based crosslinking approach to determine at high resolution and transcriptome-wide the binding sites of cellular RBPs and miRNPs. The crosslinked sites are revealed by thymidine to cytidine transitions in the cDNAs prepared from immunopurified RNPs of 4-thiouridine-treated cells. We determined the binding sites and regulatory consequences for several intensely studied RBPs and miRNPs, including PUM2, QKI, IGF2BP1-3, AGO/EIF2C1-4 and TNRC6A-C. Our study revealed that these factors bind thousands of sites containing defined sequence motifs and have distinct preferences for exonic versus intronic or coding versus untranslated transcript regions. The precise mapping of binding sites across the transcriptome will be critical to the interpretation of the rapidly emerging data on genetic variation between individuals and how these variations contribute to complex genetic diseases.
LinkOut: [PMID: 20371350]
Experimental Support 2 for Functional miRNA-Target Interaction
miRNA:Target ----
Validation Method
Conditions HEK293
Disease 4189.0
Location of target site 3'UTR
Tools used in this research TargetScan , miRTarCLIP , Piranha
Original Description (Extracted from the article) ... "PAR-CLIP data was present in GSM714645. RNA binding protein: AGO2. Condition:completeT1 ...

- Kishore S; Jaskiewicz L; Burger L; Hausser et al., 2011, Nature methods.

Article - Kishore S; Jaskiewicz L; Burger L; Hausser et al.
- Nature methods, 2011
Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) is increasingly used to map transcriptome-wide binding sites of RNA-binding proteins. We developed a method for CLIP data analysis, and applied it to compare CLIP with photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced CLIP (PAR-CLIP) and to uncover how differences in cross-linking and ribonuclease digestion affect the identified sites. We found only small differences in accuracies of these methods in identifying binding sites of HuR, which binds low-complexity sequences, and Argonaute 2, which has a complex binding specificity. We found that cross-link-induced mutations led to single-nucleotide resolution for both PAR-CLIP and CLIP. Our results confirm the expectation from original CLIP publications that RNA-binding proteins do not protect their binding sites sufficiently under the denaturing conditions used during the CLIP procedure, and we show that extensive digestion with sequence-specific RNases strongly biases the recovered binding sites. This bias can be substantially reduced by milder nuclease digestion conditions.
LinkOut: [PMID: 21572407]
Experimental Support 3 for Functional miRNA-Target Interaction
miRNA:Target ----
Validation Method
Conditions hESCs (WA-09)
Disease 4189.0
Location of target site 3'UTR
Tools used in this research TargetScan , miRTarCLIP , Piranha
Original Description (Extracted from the article) ... "PAR-CLIP data was present in SRR359787. RNA binding protein: AGO2. Condition:4-thiouridine ...

- Lipchina I; Elkabetz Y; Hafner M; Sheridan et al., 2011, Genes & development.

Article - Lipchina I; Elkabetz Y; Hafner M; Sheridan et al.
- Genes & development, 2011
MicroRNAs are important regulators in many cellular processes, including stem cell self-renewal. Recent studies demonstrated their function as pluripotency factors with the capacity for somatic cell reprogramming. However, their role in human embryonic stem (ES) cells (hESCs) remains poorly understood, partially due to the lack of genome-wide strategies to identify their targets. Here, we performed comprehensive microRNA profiling in hESCs and in purified neural and mesenchymal derivatives. Using a combination of AGO cross-linking and microRNA perturbation experiments, together with computational prediction, we identified the targets of the miR-302/367 cluster, the most abundant microRNAs in hESCs. Functional studies identified novel roles of miR-302/367 in maintaining pluripotency and regulating hESC differentiation. We show that in addition to its role in TGF-beta signaling, miR-302/367 promotes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by targeting BMP inhibitors TOB2, DAZAP2, and SLAIN1. This study broadens our understanding of microRNA function in hESCs and is a valuable resource for future studies in this area.
LinkOut: [PMID: 22012620]
Experimental Support 4 for Functional miRNA-Target Interaction
miRNA:Target ----
Validation Method
Conditions HEK293
Disease 4189.0
Location of target site 3'UTR
Tools used in this research TargetScan , miRTarCLIP , Piranha
Original Description (Extracted from the article) ... "PAR-CLIP data was present in GSM1065669. RNA binding protein: AGO1. Condition:4-thiouridine ...

- Memczak S; Jens M; Elefsinioti A; Torti F; et al., 2013, Nature.

Article - Memczak S; Jens M; Elefsinioti A; Torti F; et al.
- Nature, 2013
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) in animals are an enigmatic class of RNA with unknown function. To explore circRNAs systematically, we sequenced and computationally analysed human, mouse and nematode RNA. We detected thousands of well-expressed, stable circRNAs, often showing tissue/developmental-stage-specific expression. Sequence analysis indicated important regulatory functions for circRNAs. We found that a human circRNA, antisense to the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 transcript (CDR1as), is densely bound by microRNA (miRNA) effector complexes and harbours 63 conserved binding sites for the ancient miRNA miR-7. Further analyses indicated that CDR1as functions to bind miR-7 in neuronal tissues. Human CDR1as expression in zebrafish impaired midbrain development, similar to knocking down miR-7, suggesting that CDR1as is a miRNA antagonist with a miRNA-binding capacity ten times higher than any other known transcript. Together, our data provide evidence that circRNAs form a large class of post-transcriptional regulators. Numerous circRNAs form by head-to-tail splicing of exons, suggesting previously unrecognized regulatory potential of coding sequences.
LinkOut: [PMID: 23446348]
Experimental Support 5 for Functional miRNA-Target Interaction
miRNA:Target ----
Validation Method
Conditions MCF7
Location of target site 3'UTR
Tools used in this research TargetScan , miRTarCLIP , Piranha
Original Description (Extracted from the article) ... PAR-CLIP data was present in SRR1045082. RNA binding protein: AGO2. Condition:Untreated ...

- Farazi TA; Ten Hoeve JJ; Brown M; et al., 2014, Genome biology.

Article - Farazi TA; Ten Hoeve JJ; Brown M; et al.
- Genome biology, 2014
BACKGROUND: Various microRNAs (miRNAs) are up- or downregulated in tumors. However, the repression of cognate miRNA targets responsible for the phenotypic effects of this dysregulation in patients remains largely unexplored. To define miRNA targets and associated pathways, together with their relationship to outcome in breast cancer, we integrated patient-paired miRNA-mRNA expression data with a set of validated miRNA targets and pathway inference. RESULTS: To generate a biochemically-validated set of miRNA-binding sites, we performed argonaute-2 photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (AGO2-PAR-CLIP) in MCF7 cells. We then defined putative miRNA-target interactions using a computational model, which ranked and selected additional TargetScan-predicted interactions based on features of our AGO2-PAR-CLIP binding-site data. We subselected modeled interactions according to the abundance of their constituent miRNA and mRNA transcripts in tumors, and we took advantage of the variability of miRNA expression within molecular subtypes to detect miRNA repression. Interestingly, our data suggest that miRNA families control subtype-specific pathways; for example, miR-17, miR-19a, miR-25, and miR-200b show high miRNA regulatory activity in the triple-negative, basal-like subtype, whereas miR-22 and miR-24 do so in the HER2 subtype. An independent dataset validated our findings for miR-17 and miR-25, and showed a correlation between the expression levels of miR-182 targets and overall patient survival. Pathway analysis associated miR-17, miR-19a, and miR-200b with leukocyte transendothelial migration. CONCLUSIONS: We combined PAR-CLIP data with patient expression data to predict regulatory miRNAs, revealing potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers in breast cancer.
LinkOut: [PMID: 24398324]
Experimental Support 6 for Functional miRNA-Target Interaction
miRNA:Target ----
Validation Method
Conditions HCT116
Location of target site 3'UTR
Tools used in this research TargetScan , miRTarCLIP , Piranha
Original Description (Extracted from the article) ... PAR-CLIP data was present in ERX177604. RNA binding protein: AGO2. Condition:p53_V_AGO_CLIP_2_6 ...

- Krell J; Stebbing J; Carissimi C; Dabrowska et al., 2016, Genome research.

Article - Krell J; Stebbing J; Carissimi C; Dabrowska et al.
- Genome research, 2016
DNA damage activates TP53-regulated surveillance mechanisms that are crucial in suppressing tumorigenesis. TP53 orchestrates these responses directly by transcriptionally modulating genes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), and by regulating miRNA biogenesis through interacting with the DROSHA complex. However, whether the association between miRNAs and AGO2 is regulated following DNA damage is not yet known. Here, we show that, following DNA damage, TP53 interacts with AGO2 to induce or reduce AGO2's association of a subset of miRNAs, including multiple let-7 family members. Furthermore, we show that specific mutations in TP53 decrease rather than increase the association of let-7 family miRNAs, reducing their activity without preventing TP53 from interacting with AGO2. This is consistent with the oncogenic properties of these mutants. Using AGO2 RIP-seq and PAR-CLIP-seq, we show that the DNA damage-induced increase in binding of let-7 family members to the RISC complex is functional. We unambiguously determine the global miRNA-mRNA interaction networks involved in the DNA damage response, validating them through the identification of miRNA-target chimeras formed by endogenous ligation reactions. We find that the target complementary region of the let-7 seed tends to have highly fixed positions and more variable ones. Additionally, we observe that miRNAs, whose cellular abundance or differential association with AGO2 is regulated by TP53, are involved in an intricate network of regulatory feedback and feedforward circuits. TP53-mediated regulation of AGO2-miRNA interaction represents a new mechanism of miRNA regulation in carcinogenesis.
LinkOut: [PMID: 26701625]
Experimental Support 7 for Functional miRNA-Target Interaction
miRNA:Target ----
Validation Method
Conditions Prostate Tissue
Location of target site 3'UTR
Tools used in this research TargetScan , miRTarCLIP , Piranha
Original Description (Extracted from the article) ... PAR-CLIP data was present in SRX1760632. RNA binding protein: AGO2. Condition:AGO-CLIP-22RV1_C ...

- Hamilton MP; Rajapakshe KI; Bader DA; Cerne et al., 2016, Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.).

Article - Hamilton MP; Rajapakshe KI; Bader DA; Cerne et al.
- Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 2016
MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation in prostate cancer (PCa) contributes to PCa initiation and metastatic progression. To comprehensively define the cancer-associated changes in miRNA targeting and function in commonly studied models of PCa, we performed photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced cross-linking immunoprecipitation of the Argonaute protein in a panel of PCa cell lines modeling different stages of PCa progression. Using this comprehensive catalogue of miRNA targets, we analyzed miRNA targeting on known drivers of PCa and examined tissue-specific and stage-specific pathway targeting by miRNAs. We found that androgen receptor is the most frequently targeted PCa oncogene and that miR-148a targets the largest number of known PCa drivers. Globally, tissue-specific and stage-specific changes in miRNA targeting are driven by homeostatic response to active oncogenic pathways. Our findings indicate that, even in advanced PCa, the miRNA pool adapts to regulate continuing alterations in the cancer genome to balance oncogenic molecular changes. These findings are important because they are the first to globally characterize miRNA changes in PCa and demonstrate how the miRNA target spectrum responds to staged tumorigenesis.
LinkOut: [PMID: 27292025]
CLIP-seq Support 1 for dataset GSM545212
Method / RBP PAR-CLIP / AGO1
Cell line / Condition HEK293 / Control
Location of target site ENST00000249356.3 | 3UTR | UGCACUUUUCCACAUUAUACUCCAUAUG
Tools used in this analysis TargetScan, miRTarCLIP, and Piranha
Article / Accession Series PMID: 20371350 / GSE21578
CLIP-seq Viewer Link
CLIP-seq Support 2 for dataset GSM545214
Method / RBP PAR-CLIP / AGO3
Cell line / Condition HEK293 / Control
Location of target site ENST00000249356.3 | 3UTR | UCUGCACUUUUCCACAUUAUACUCCAUAUG
Tools used in this analysis TargetScan, miRTarCLIP, and Piranha
Article / Accession Series PMID: 20371350 / GSE21578
CLIP-seq Viewer Link
CLIP-seq Support 3 for dataset GSM545217
Method / RBP PAR-CLIP / AGO2
Cell line / Condition HEK293 / miR-7 transfection
Location of target site ENST00000249356.3 | 3UTR | CACUUUUCCACAUUAUACUCCAUAUG
Tools used in this analysis TargetScan, miRTarCLIP, and Piranha
Article / Accession Series PMID: 20371350 / GSE21578
CLIP-seq Viewer Link
CLIP-seq Support 4 for dataset GSM714645
Method / RBP PAR-CLIP / AGO2
Cell line / Condition HEK293 / completeT1, repB
Location of target site ENST00000249356.3 | 3UTR | UUCUGCACUUUUCCACAUUAUACUCCAUAUG
Tools used in this analysis TargetScan, miRTarCLIP, and Piranha
Article / Accession Series PMID: 21572407 / GSE28865
CLIP-seq Viewer Link
CLIP-seq Support 5 for dataset SRR359787
Method / RBP PAR-CLIP / AGO2
Cell line / Condition hESCs (WA-09) / 4-thiouridine, RNase T1
Location of target site ENST00000249356.3 | 3UTR | ACUUUUCCACAUUAUACUCCAUAUG
Tools used in this analysis TargetScan, miRTarCLIP, and Piranha
Article / Accession Series PMID: 22012620 / SRX103431
CLIP-seq Viewer Link
CLIP-seq Support 6 for dataset GSM1065669
Method / RBP PAR-CLIP / AGO1
Cell line / Condition HEK293 / 4-thiouridine, ML_MM_8
Location of target site ENST00000249356.3 | 3UTR | UCUGCACUUUUCCACAUUAUACUCCAUAUG
Tools used in this analysis TargetScan, miRTarCLIP, and Piranha
Article / Accession Series PMID: 23446348 / GSE43573
CLIP-seq Viewer Link
CLIP-seq Support 7 for dataset SRR1045082
Method / RBP PAR-CLIP / AGO2
Cell line / Condition MCF7 / Untreated
Location of target site ENST00000249356.3 | 3UTR | CACUUUUCCACAUUAUACUCCAUAUGA
Tools used in this analysis TargetScan, miRTarCLIP, and Piranha
Article / Accession Series PMID: 24398324 / SRX388831
CLIP-seq Viewer Link
MiRNA-Target Expression Profile
Dataset Pearson Correlation P-value for Pearson Correlation Spearman Correlation P-value for Spearman Correlation Samples Chart
MiRNA-Target Expression Profile (TCGA)
Tumor Pearson Correlation P-value for Pearson Correlation Spearman Correlation P-value for Spearman Correlation Samples Chart
67 hsa-miR-4491 Target Genes:
Functional analysis:
ID Target Description Validation methods
Strong evidence Less strong evidence
MIRT056779 ARID5B AT-rich interaction domain 5B 2 2
MIRT061577 BTG2 BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 2 2
MIRT063828 SRP9 signal recognition particle 9 2 4
MIRT102306 DNAJB9 DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B9 2 10
MIRT186634 COX20 COX20, cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 2 8
MIRT191243 STYX serine/threonine/tyrosine interacting protein 2 2
MIRT195908 SRSF11 serine and arginine rich splicing factor 11 2 4
MIRT240343 UBXN2B UBX domain protein 2B 2 2
MIRT271178 PTPN14 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 14 2 2
MIRT286219 TMEM97 transmembrane protein 97 2 4
MIRT314182 OCLN occludin 2 4
MIRT323938 AKAP2 A-kinase anchoring protein 2 2 4
MIRT323940 PALM2-AKAP2 PALM2-AKAP2 readthrough 2 4
MIRT340113 TXLNA taxilin alpha 2 2
MIRT450333 LRWD1 leucine rich repeats and WD repeat domain containing 1 2 2
MIRT451283 ZNF101 zinc finger protein 101 2 2
MIRT451879 SOD2 superoxide dismutase 2 2 8
MIRT453577 CRCP CGRP receptor component 2 2
MIRT454366 ASAH2 N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2 2 2
MIRT454797 STOML3 stomatin like 3 2 2
MIRT459801 POTED POTE ankyrin domain family member D 2 10
MIRT460911 POLQ DNA polymerase theta 2 2
MIRT468082 SHOC2 SHOC2, leucine rich repeat scaffold protein 2 6
MIRT470281 PRKAA1 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 2 2
MIRT471876 NUFIP2 NUFIP2, FMR1 interacting protein 2 2 2
MIRT476147 GPR137C G protein-coupled receptor 137C 2 8
MIRT478056 DNAJC10 DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C10 2 10
MIRT501054 SMCR8 Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 8 2 4
MIRT501732 OVOL1 ovo like transcriptional repressor 1 2 2
MIRT502214 HSPB8 heat shock protein family B (small) member 8 2 2
MIRT505243 UBE2D3 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D3 2 2
MIRT505957 RAN RAN, member RAS oncogene family 2 6
MIRT507996 BCL2L13 BCL2 like 13 2 4
MIRT510433 ZNF207 zinc finger protein 207 2 6
MIRT510827 SBNO1 strawberry notch homolog 1 2 4
MIRT511493 HNRNPA0 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A0 2 4
MIRT512129 CREBL2 cAMP responsive element binding protein like 2 2 8
MIRT514512 SHISA9 shisa family member 9 2 4
MIRT516482 RAB32 RAB32, member RAS oncogene family 2 4
MIRT519514 RBM22 RNA binding motif protein 22 2 4
MIRT523367 GTF2A1 general transcription factor IIA subunit 1 2 2
MIRT524217 DDI2 DNA damage inducible 1 homolog 2 2 6
MIRT524649 C4orf32 family with sequence similarity 241 member A 2 2
MIRT528297 ZNF76 zinc finger protein 76 2 2
MIRT528577 ITGB3BP integrin subunit beta 3 binding protein 2 2
MIRT530458 SULT1B1 sulfotransferase family 1B member 1 2 2
MIRT535774 MYCN MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor 2 2
MIRT544239 CCBL2 kynurenine aminotransferase 3 2 2
MIRT546733 RNF217 ring finger protein 217 2 2
MIRT550360 INCENP inner centromere protein 2 4
MIRT553343 TRPC3 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3 2 4
MIRT556629 LAPTM4A lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 alpha 2 2
MIRT558006 FAM122B family with sequence similarity 122B 2 2
MIRT558994 CA8 carbonic anhydrase 8 2 2
MIRT560418 ENTPD1 ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 2 2
MIRT565717 SESN3 sestrin 3 2 2
MIRT566271 PTAR1 protein prenyltransferase alpha subunit repeat containing 1 2 2
MIRT568161 CCDC6 coiled-coil domain containing 6 2 2
MIRT569753 C2orf71 chromosome 2 open reading frame 71 2 2
MIRT573959 FIGNL1 fidgetin like 1 2 2
MIRT574530 PEG10 paternally expressed 10 2 2
MIRT609453 CCDC149 coiled-coil domain containing 149 2 2
MIRT614047 THBS2 thrombospondin 2 2 2
MIRT628418 ATMIN ATM interactor 2 2
MIRT689556 XPO6 exportin 6 2 2
MIRT725598 CDH7 cadherin 7 2 2
MIRT735561 TRIM7 tripartite motif containing 7 3 0
miRNA-Drug Associations
miRNA Small Melocule FDA CID Detection Method Condition PMID Year Expression Pattern of miRNA
miR-4 Dexamethasone approved 5743 Microarray primary rat thymocytes 20847043 2010 up-regulated

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